ELA 963 Fire Hazards Practice Test

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• To minimize risk of fire due to static discharge, it is imperative that nonconductive materials of construction are used for the storage and transfer of flammables.
• Using Le Chatelier's equation, estimate the LFL of a mixture of 0.7 mole fraction CO and 0.3 mole fraction ethane (CO LFL 12.5%, ethane LFL 2.0%). The estimated LFL is closest to which value?
• Wood dust is a ______ phase fuel.
• MIE is defined as what?
• Which statement about LFL is correct?
• Given the vapor cloud dimensions 3 m by 4 m by 9 m, what is the approximate volume of the cloud in cubic meters?
• Particles in the described hazard are:
• The reaction that causes fires also causes nails to rust.
• Jet fire is the burning of a stream of gas, vapor, or liquid.
• A stoichiometric mixture yields a complete reaction.
• Fluorine (F2) is an oxidizer in gaseous form.
• Which fire type tends to have a core of nearly pure fuel and burns from the outer edge towards the middle, with upward momentum and relatively short-lived?
• Purging use of an inert gas to sweep.
• Which organization provides standard fire codes in the United States?
• Which statement correctly describes a sweep purge?
• Which hazard involves the burning of a vapor cloud over a pool of flammable liquid that vaporizes as it comes into vapor-liquid equilibrium?
• If you remove a leg of the fire triangle, fire cannot exist.
• What flammable mixture prevention technique involves keeping the head space above the liquid in a storage tank or other vessel full of an inert gas?
• Which factor most contributes to extending the hazard zone in longer fires?
• The Upper Flammability Limit (UFL) increases significantly with pressure, enlarging the flammability range.
• A ______ tends to have a core of nearly pure fuel and burns from the outer edge towards the middle.
• What approach to inherently safer design uses smaller quantities of flammable materials, reducing the potential consequences should a fire occur?
• Nitrogen is the inerting gas.
• A vessel's maximum pressure rating is independent of temperature.
• Thermal radiation models predict intensity as a function of distance by considering which factors?
• Deformation of steel can occur at a heat flux of 25 KW/m^2.
• Fire is a/an ______ chain reaction.
• A sweep purge creates a controlled, inert-gas atmosphere in the vessel.
• Which of the following statements about piping exposure to heat is true?
• What caused the severity of the 2013 West Fertilizer Company incident?
• A stoichiometric mixture is one in which the reactants are:
• What does LFL stand for in flammability diagrams?
• Which factor is commonly cited as impacting fire intensity?
• Which outcome can occur when steel is heated?
• Which statement best describes the required process before performing hot work near flammable materials?
• Which statement is true about PPE in fire safety?
• Vapors can poison if they are inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
• In the US fire hazard prevention and mitigation guidelines are provided by:
• Flammable dust clouds pose an explosive hazard.
• Clothing is ineffective in mitigating thermal radiation.
• Which of the following is true about fog-like droplets of liquid within the vapor component of smoke?
• At what atmospheric pressure is the flash point testing defined for liquids?
• Ammonium nitrate is an oxidizer in solid form.
• Exposures to toxics during a process facility fire are unlikely.
• In the US codes related to fire are primarily found in:
• Deformation of steel can occur at heat flux of 25 KW/m^2.
• Regarding the placement of flammable storage relative to a process area, which statement is correct?
• Which statement about the upper flammable limit is true?
• Alkali metals should be stored under which conditions to reduce ignition risk?
• Large, smoldering piles of fuel can spontaneously combust.
• The numbers used on flammable material placards required by the US DOT are the same as those on the NFPA fire diamond.
• Which of the following best describes the purpose of an inert gas purge in a vessel?
• What does the 3 Flammability diamond indicate?
• When filling a container, static charge can be avoided by filling the container at the bottom.
• According to the material, an oxidizer may be a:
• The statement that the flammable cloud is at or below the lower explosive limit (LEL) is true or false?
• Which option correctly describes the phase described for acetone as a fuel?
• What is the LFL of ethane at ambient temperature in air?
• LFL represents which of the following?
• Which unit is used to express thermal dose?
• Which statement best describes the effect of increasing oxygen concentration on flammability risk?
• During a ______ purge, the vessel is evacuated of its contents and filled with an inert gas.
• Which label indicates ignition is possible under almost all ambient temperatures for a substance in liquid or solid form?
• In thermal radiation modeling, is it true that atmospheric conditions influence the intensity?
• Which hazard is a sudden, intense burning of a cloud of fuel dispersed in air, usually gas or vapor, that can be a mist or dust and is short in duration?
• What term describes directional burning of a stream of gas, vapor, or liquid, which may ignite before a cloud forms?
• Which material can ignite as secondary fires?
• In hazard terminology, what term describes the pure oxygen environment?
• Which expression correctly represents Thermal Dose?
• The flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid's vapors can be ignited in air.
• Secondary fires can occur because of which of the following?
• At very low oxygen levels, which outcomes may occur?
• Static charge is generated when: friction, contact, separation, and flow all occur.
• Which factor increases the risk of a dust explosion when a solid is finely divided?
• LFL and UFL are often used interchangeably with Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) and Upper Explosive Limit (UEL).
• What is the Auto Ignition Temperature (AIT) of acetylene?
• What hazard do LEL monitors primarily address?
• The flash point is usually expressed in which unit?
• OSHA labeling guidelines for flammables, according to the material, are:
• In the NFPA fire diamond, which number represents the greatest hazard?
• A bonfire is an example of a _________
• In this context, what does 'Fuel' refer to?
• What are the requirements for a fire to exist?
• What is the flash point of Acetylene?
• Which fire type tends to have a core of nearly pure fuel and upward momentum, burning outward from the core?
• Minimum Ignition Energy is usually expressed in units of ______.
• NFPA defines a combustible liquid as having a flash point of at least what when tested by closed-cup methods?
• Which chemical is described as interfering with cellular respiration?
• Which hazard describes fuels including wood and paper, where fuel is vaporized before it actually burns and the heat generated by the fire vaporizes more fuel?
• AIT refers to which characteristic?
• Which of the following is a primary reason for a hot work permit system?
• Acetone is a ______ phase fuel.
• Ethylene is not a dual-phase fuel.
• What element should a hot work permit checklist include?
• Which storage method helps minimize contact with air and moisture for reactive metals?
• Which statement about health effects of smoke is true?
• Which option best aligns with an inherently safer design approach to reduce risk?
• During an inert gas purge, the vessel is pressurized with the inert gas and then the pressure is relieved.
• UFL describes which of the following?
• Which incident discussed in this unit resulted in a vapor cloud explosion (VCE)?
• An example of an ignition source (Heat) is which of the following?
• The flammable range
• Since fire tends to travel uphill, it's generally preferable to locate the flammable storage area uphill of the process area.
• What hazard is produced when alkali metals react with water?
• A plant employee wearing adequate PPE would mitigate the effects should he be exposed to a fire.
• Hydrogen cyanide exposure primarily does what to the body?
• Which describes the outcome when flammable material is released to the atmosphere and ignition is delayed?
• Fluorine (F2) is an oxidizer in ______ form.
• Most fire-related deaths are due to burns.
• If toxics are released due to a fire at a process facility, is it likely that workers and nearby community will be exposed?
• What can become deformed by heat radiation to the point that it begins to leak?
• Fire is a chemical reaction.
• During a ______ purge, the vessel is filled with liquid, then drained of liquid and filled with an inert gas.
• No sources of electricity should be used in process facilities that utilize flammable materials.
• What defines the autoignition temperature of a flammable material?
• Why is nitrogen considered a more efficient inerting material than carbon dioxide?
• What hazard can result from hydrogen gas buildup during alkali metal reactions?
• A fire eye is set to alarm when a flame is indicated.
• What is required to authorize any hot work in a chemical processing facility?
• Below the ______, the mixture will not burn because it is too lean.
• During a ______ purge, there is a continuous flow of inert gas through the vessel.
• Above the upper flammable limit, the mixture will not burn because the fuel concentration is so high that there is not enough oxygen present to sustain burning.
• The three elements required for a fire to exist are:
• A flammable vapor escapes from a leaking valve and forms a cloud roughly 3 meters wide, 4 meters tall, and 9 meters long. If a technician steps two meters into the cloud, is he in the danger zone and what is the level of danger?
• Which design principle reduces the amount of flammable material to lessen fire consequences?
• The flammable range is defined as the gap between the lower flammable limit and the upper flammable limit.
• Which of the following offers some protection from the thermal radiation of a fire?
• Which of the following statements about flammable dust clouds is true?
• Which statement is true about the relationship between the reaction that causes fires and nails rusting?
• LFL stands for Lower Flammable Limit.
• Which hazard is most associated with finely divided dust in air?
• Smoke particles may irritate which parts of the body?
• Compared to allowing a fire to burn out, sprinklers typically cause more water damage.
• What is the most common gas used to inert a space to prevent ignition?
• How does the MIE of a solid change as particle size decreases?
• In predicting thermal radiation intensity, models typically consider atmospheric conditions, fuel characteristics, and physics of the fire.
• Ignition Source (Heat) is exemplified by which of the following?
• What term corresponds to the pure oxygen environment?
• Thermal Dose equals which of the following?
• Electrical equipment includes anything ______.
• What is a recommended safety practice when handling fine dust hazards?
• Which option reflects removing unnecessary complexity to reduce risk in inherently safer design?
• LEL stands for Lower Explosive Limit.
• Which statement is accurate about the 2013 West Fertilizer Company incident?
• Which system uses 0-4 hazard ratings, where 4 indicates the greatest hazard?
• An inert purge involves pressurizing a vessel with inert gas and then relieving pressure.
• Because there is variability in Autoignition Temperature (AIT) values, generally you should use the highest value you can find.
• Ammonium nitrate is an oxidizer in ______ form.
• What approach to inherently safer design removes unnecessary complexity, resulting in reduced risk of human error?
• At what Oxygen level can a person become unconscious within one minute?
• The hazard zone of longer lasting fires can extend far beyond the flame region due to:
• The lowest temperature at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapor to be ignited in air is called the
• An oxidizer may be a:
• Glass or plastic containers, vessels, pipes and liners are recommended for the storage and transfer of flammables.
• Ignition sources are so prevalent that removal of all of them is not viable.
• Vacuum purge involves evacuating the vessel, then introducing inert gas.
• A pool fire burning under or near a tank of flammable liquid may cause the tank to explode in what is called a ______________
• Water damage due to sprinklers is often greater than if the fire had been allowed to burn itself out.
• As the particle size of a solid fuel decreases, the surface area per mass of fuel ______.
• Which of the following outcomes occurs when flammable material is released to the atmosphere and ignition is delayed?
• Carbon Monoxide hazard description.
• Oxygen is the only oxidizer that can result in a fire when a fuel and ignition source are present.
• Which statement best defines flash point?
• Which two methods are commonly used to determine the flash point?
• Atmospheric conditions influence thermal radiation intensity.
• The US OSHA labeling guidelines follow which flammables labeling guidelines?
• For a flash fire, the danger zone is:
• Which statement best describes the hazard of hydrogen gas in these scenarios?
• Piping deformation due to heat can lead to leaks.
• Which statement about clothing and thermal radiation is true?
• In general, which is more hazardous: a material with a low minimum ignition energy (MIE) or a high MIE?
• Which option correctly describes the phase described for acetone as a fuel?
• Which statement about hot work permits is true?
• The flash point is defined only for liquids at a pressure of one atmosphere.
• What categories do fire injuries and fatalities fall into?
• Fog-like droplets of liquid within the vapor component of smoke can poison if absorbed through the skin. This statement is:
• Can the flash point be used to categorize the flammability of liquids?
• A _______ is the burning of a stream of gas, vapor, or liquid.
• Which term describes directional burning that can result from a leak in a high-pressure pipe or vessel?
• The US DOT labeling guidelines for flammable liquids follow which system?
• For obtaining a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for a chemical, the best source is:
• What does MIE stand for in fire hazard analysis?
• An inert gas purge is used to prevent ignition by reducing oxygen.
• What is the LFL of carbon monoxide at ambient temperature in air?
• The NFPA defines a flammable liquid as one whose flash point does not exceed 100 F when tested by closed-cup methods.
• What term describes finely divided solid materials that present a fire or explosion hazard when dispersed in air?
• Purging uses of an inert gas to sweep is a standard practice.
• The primary parameter for evaluating the flammability hazard posed by the liquids is the ________.
• API guidance suggests locating flammable storage near the processing area to minimize transfer distance.
• Which principle is used to estimate the LFL of a fuel mixture from the LFLs of its components?
• A _______ occurs when a flammable liquid is spilled and some portion of the liquid vaporizes as the material comes into vapor-liquid equilibrium with the surrounding atmosphere; then, as the vapor cloud spreads, it encounters a source of ignition.
• Phosgene exposure at tens of ppm can cause what?
• Which of the following statements about smoke components can be lethal?
• Stainless steel tubing can burn in pure oxygen or fluorine if it gets hot enough.
• Which two toxic gases are commonly found in smoke?
• Which of the following practices helps prevent fires when performing hot work?
• Moderation is one of the inherently safer design approaches.
• Which statement describes a practical storage precaution for highly reactive metals?
• The vapor cloud explosion occurred at Formosa Plastics in Point Comfort located in which state?
• To minimize the distance flammables have to travel during transfer, API recommends storage close to the actual process area.
• Ethylene is a ______ phase fuel.
• What is the most common toxic gas component of smoke?
• Which category of metals includes lithium, sodium, and potassium and is highly reactive with water?
• ______ eliminates spark discharges between two conductors.
• Lowering the concentration of a flammable solvent to raise the flash point is an example of which inherently safer design approach?
• The placard pictogram depicting a circle with flames coming out represents:
• Which of the following is correct regarding Safety Data Sheets (SDS)?
• An LEL monitor may trip safety systems such as the ventilation system.
• Ignition sources are so prevalent that removal of all of them is not considered a viable option when attempting to eliminate the possibility of a fire occurring.
• At what oxygen concentration do people generally experience impaired judgment and coordination?
• Which approach to inherently safer design is being employed when the concentration of an alcohol in water solution used as a process solvent is lowered to ensure that the flash point is above the process operating temperature?
• The 2012 refinery fire occurred in which city?
• Equipment with combustion engines may be operated for short periods in areas where flammable materials might be ignited.
• Which statement best describes the function of a hot work permit system?
• Which factor influences the intensity of a fire?
• LOC is defined as which of the following?
• The fire at the Chevron Refinery in Richmond, California in 2012 was what type of fire?
• Two common methods used to determine flash point are
• Which incident involved a jet fire?
• The inerting advantage of nitrogen over carbon dioxide is due to higher molar heat capacity.
• Is nitrogen a more efficient inerting material than carbon dioxide because nitrogen has a higher molar heat capacity?
• Which statement about hot work in chemical facilities is true?
• LEL monitors are used to alert personnel to a leak as a flammable condition exists.
• If in powdered form, aluminum and bronze are flammable.